Standard of Learning

9.3The student will analyze, synthesize, and evaluate the relationship between positive health behaviors the prevention and treatment of injury, and premature death. Key concepts/skills include

1. risky behaviors that may result in permanent disability for self or others;
2. the consequences of using weapons in acts of violence;
3. identification of situations involving risks;
4. use of universal precautions and appropriate application of first aid, CPR, and other emergency procedures;
5. the effects of alcohol and other drug use.

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Understanding the Standard

The student will recognize situations that require basic first aid and/or CPR.

Essential Knowledge and Skills

The student will:

• define first aid. (immediate temporary care given to an injured or ill person)
• identify why learning basic first aid skills are important. (knowing what to do and what not to do can prevent further damage)
• define universal precautions. (actions taken to prevent the spread of communicable disease by treating all blood as if it were contaminated)
• describe the basic first aid steps for an emergency situation:
  • recognize signs of an emergency; (victim, smoke, toxic odor, etc.)
  • decide what immediate action is needed; (first responsibility is to never put your life in danger to help someone else and do not move the victim unless you need to protect him or her from further injury)
  • call for help; (explain the nature of the emergency, location, etc., and stay on the phone until the operator tells you to hang up)
  • provide care until help arrives. (protect from further injury, maintain body temperature, control bleeding, reassure the victim that help is on the way, etc.)
• list common emergencies. (sprains, broken bones, cuts, insect bites, burns, poisoning, fainting, nosebleeds, heat exhaustion, etc.)
• identify life-threatening emergencies. (choking, shock, severe bleeding, heart attack, etc.)
• describe first aid for common and life threatening emergencies.
• describe CPR. (combines rescue breathing and chest compressions to restore breathing and circulation)

Sample Lessons

Emergency? Ask A Kid!
Grade 4-8
This lesson will identify a variety of emergency situations, and address appropriate first measures to lessen the impact of bodily injury.
http://www.nickjr.com/teachers/lesson_plans/emergency_ask_a_kid
Sponsor: Nick Jr.
Free

Emergency Procedures
Grade 9
In this lesson, students will explain appropriate procedures for responding to personal, school and community emergencies and will demonstrate basic first aid skills.
http://www2.worksafebc.com/pdfs/YoungWorker/studentworksafe/gr9/.pdf
Sponsor: Student WorkSafe Program
Free

Where Does It Hurt?
Grade 9-10
All of us will be faced with many common emergencies, some major and most minor. Either way it will then be up to us to be that "first responder" and provide appropriate aid to the victim. This is why it will be so important to know first-aid procedures when an accident has taken place.
http://www.homepage.montana.edu/~mtpbs/Education/NTTILessonPlans2.pdf
Sponsor: Montana PBS
Free

Lesson Ideas

• Students work in groups to research emergency treatments then prepare class demonstrations that provide information about recognizing and managing the situation.

Additional Instructional Resources

• American Heart Association - http://www.americanheart.org
• American Red Cross
• Athletic Trainer
• Common First-Aid Procedures - http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/texts/guide/toc/t
• First Aid Textbooks
• Local Fire Departments (Emergency Medical Technicians)
• Poison Control Center ( 800-222-1222)
• School Nurse

Assessment Ideas

The student will:

• assemble a first aid kit.
• identify the treatment and care for the following:
  • obstructive airway/asphyxiation;
  • CPR;
  • rescue breathing;
  • nosebleeds;
  • allergic reactions;
  • shock;
  • severe bleeding;
  • thermal, chemical, electrical, and solar radiation burns;
  • bites and stings;
  • avulsion, bruise, cut, puncture, and abrasion wounds;
  • heat stroke/heat exhaustion - symptoms and care;
  • fractures;
  • sprains/strains;
  • dislocations;
  • fainting;
  • dehydration;
  • eye injuries;
  • tooth injuries;
  • vomiting;
  • tick removal;
  • fever;
  • concussions and contusions;
  • convulsions;
  • electrical injuries;
  • frostbite;
  • hypothermia;
  • heat stroke
  • heat cramps;
  • stroke;
  • hypoglycemia;
  • hyperglycemia
  • drug withdrawal;
  • motion sickness;
  • foreign objects in the ear, eye, nose, skin, swallowed, or inhaled;
  • heart attack; and
  • poisoning.
• become certified in CPR - if the teacher has the proper training.
• research and describe five first aid Web sites.

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